1976 National Board of Medical Examiners 1977 Licensed Physician and Surgeon 1981 American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology 1993 American Society of Addiction (Certificate in Addiction Medicine)

American Psychiatric Association American Society of Addiction Medicine

University of Wisconsin, BA New York University, MA University of Wisconsin Medical School, MD

American Psychiatric Association Illinois Psychiatric Association Alpha Omega Alpha Society

Purdue University, Bachelor of Science University of Illinois, Master of Science Northwestern University, Doctor of Medicine

American Psychiatric Association Illinois Psychiatric Society